高一人教版英語課本必修三語法總結！北京小伙伴別錯過！

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　　高一人教版英語課本必修三語法總結！北京小伙伴別錯過！高中階段的英語會包含很多語法的內(nèi)容，而這些也將是診斷中經(jīng)常考察的考點！下面小編為大家整理了高一人教版英語課本必修三語法總結！北京小伙伴別錯過！相信會對大家有所幫助！

　　考點一 情態(tài)動詞(unit 1，unit 2)

　　一、情態(tài)動詞的特點:

　　1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

　　2. 有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式的變化:

　　e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

　　二、情態(tài)動詞的否定式:

　　情態(tài)動詞+ not +動詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't

　　三、情態(tài)動詞的用法及相互區(qū)別, 是診斷的內(nèi)容之一

　　1. can , be able to be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式的變化。

　　can

　　1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力;

　　2). 表示允許、可能性。

　　could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。

　　1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (NMET 97 )

　　A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to

　　2) -Will you stay for lunch?

　　-Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)

　　A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't

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　　2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。

　　1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?

　　-No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.)

　　2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.

　　3. must

　　1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須

　　2) 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式: had to

　　3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock?

　　-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. )

　　4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.

　　5) She must be in the classroom now.

　　6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)

　　A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not

　　4. shall

　　1) 在疑問句中, 用于先進、三人稱表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求。

　　2) 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的 命令、警告、允諾等概念。

　　1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t.

　　-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -

　　Yes, please.(No, please don't.)

　　2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.

　　3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.

　　4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?

　　A. does he B. doesn't he C. will he D. isn't he

　　5) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____?

　　A. won't we B. will we

　　C. don't we D. shall we

　　5. should 應該 ; 應當

　　1) You should listen to the doctor's advice.

　　2) You should study the article carefully.

　　6. will, would

　　1) 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問。用would語氣更加婉轉。

　　2) will 表示現(xiàn)在的習慣性動作或狀態(tài); would 表示過去的習慣性動作或狀態(tài)。

　　3) will 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時間的 意志、意愿、......。

　　(1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?

　　A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you

　　-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)

　　(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.

　　(3) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.

　　- _____ .

　　A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven'

　　7. ought to 應該; 應當

　　1) You oughtn't to smoke too much.

　　2) She ____ for what she has done.

　　A. ought to praise B. ought be praised

　　C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praise

　　8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come

　　1) He dare not tell the truth.

　　2) He doesn't dare to come out at night.

　　3) I don't know whether he ____ try.

　　A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed

　　9. need

　　1). 作為情態(tài)動詞:必須

　　2). 作為實義動詞: 需要

　　A.主語是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)

　　B. 主語是事物 need ( doing; to be done)

　　1) -Do they need to take any books with them?

　　-No, they don't need to.

　　2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn't.

　　3) This farm tool needs repairing.

　　This farm tool needs to be repaired.

　　4) -Shall I tell John about it ?

　　- No, you ___ . I've told him already.

　　A. needn't B. wouldn't

　　C. mustn't D. shouldn't

　　5) It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.

　　A. can't B. mustn't

　　C. needn't D. may not

　　情態(tài)動詞 + 不定式的完成式是高考的診斷要點

　　1、must have done,“一定做過/一定已經(jīng)...”，表示對過去情況極大把握地推測，僅用于肯定句

　　2、may/might have done 也許做過某事(推測);本來可以做某事卻沒做

　　3、can't have done 為否定句或疑問句,對過去的推測“不可能，一定沒做過某事”

　　could have done本來可以做某事卻沒做

　　4. needn’t have done 表示”不必要做某事，但做了”，而needn’t do 則表示”不必做(也沒做)”

　　5.、ought to /should have done 表示”本來應當做的卻沒做”

　　oughtn’t / shouldn’t have done 本來不應該做某事卻做了

　　6、would/could/might/should + have done 用來表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣

　　7、would rather have done 表示”當時寧愿做了某事”，否定形式：would rather not have done e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.

　　8、would like/love to have done 表示” 本想做某事” 而實際上未做。

　　考點二 名詞性從句( unit 3， unit 4 )

　　主語從句

　　名詞性從句 賓語從句

　　表語從句

　　同位語從句

　　①That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true.今年這所大學將招收更多新生是真的。

　　②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按時完成任務非常重要。

　　特別提示

　　(1)if不能引導主語從句。

　　(2)形式主語it替代主語從句。常見的it替代主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種：

　　A.It+系動詞+形容詞+that從句。如：

　　It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

　　注: 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形

　　It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.

　　B.It+系動詞+名詞+that從句。如：

　　It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我們的希望是雙方能朝著和平的方向發(fā)展。

　　注: 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動詞原型

　　It is demanded that we should work out a plan.

　　C.It+be+v.ed形式+that從句。如：

　　It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.據(jù)宣布計劃已經(jīng)順利實施。

　　注: 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中從句也常用(should )+動詞原型

　　It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance

　　2.連接代詞引導

　�、賅hat we can’t get seems better than what we already have.我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。

　�、趙ho the letter was from is still unknown.這封信是誰寄出的還不清楚。

　�、踂hichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們當中先進個到達這里的人將獲得獎項。

　　3.連接副詞引導

　　①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.針灸是如何減輕和解除疼痛的還不清楚。

　�、趙hy dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個謎。

　�、買 think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我認為你應該向老師尋求幫助。

　�、贗 don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

　　特別提示

　　whether/if都意為“是否”。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語中常用if，但以下情況中，只能用whether。

　　(1)與or not緊接連用時。如：

　　Let me knoW whether or not you can come.請讓我知道你是否能來。

　　(2)作介詞的賓語從句時。如：

　　We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我們對你是否參加會議感興趣。

　　2.連接代詞和連接副詞引導

　　連接代詞有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞有when，where，why，how等。如：

　　①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.她問我班上誰的書法較好。

　�、贗’11 just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就說什么。

　�、跠o you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奧運會是什么時間開始的嗎?

　�、躀’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.我一直在考慮如何使我們的報紙更用趣。

　　3.賓語從句的語序

　　在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：

　�、貶e asked me when we could set out the next day.他問我第二天什么時候可以出發(fā)。

　�、贒id you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎?

　　4.賓語從句的時態(tài)

　　(1)當主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。如：

　　①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時)

　�、趕he says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)

　�、跾he says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時)

　　(2)當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去式時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用適當?shù)倪^去時態(tài)。如：

　　①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)

　　②He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)

　�、跦e said that they were having a meeting at that time.他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進行時)

　　(3)當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，其時態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：

　　①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕有心人。

　�、贖e said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光比聲音傳播得快。 特別提示

　　在使用賓語從句時需要注意下面幾點：

　　(1)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume

　　等后有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：

　　①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。

　�、贗 have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了慣例。

　　(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜歡;痛恨;認為”的動詞或動詞短語和see to表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：

　�、買 hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。

　�、赪hen you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral.啟動發(fā)動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。

　　(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如：

　�、賁he is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。

　�、赪e are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓孩子加入我們的俱樂部。

　　(4)賓語從句的否定轉移。將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如：

　�、買 don’t think I know you.我想我并不認識你。

　�、贗 don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。

　　(5) 在于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句謂語用 should +動詞原形(insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire )

　　We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

　�、賂he reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。

　　②The question remains whether they will be able to help us.問題還是他們能否幫我們。

　　2.連接代詞和連接副詞引導

　�、賂he problem is who will take charge of this shop.問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。

　�、赥hat is when I realized the importance of journalism.那時我才意識到新聞工作的重要性。

　　特別提示

　　(1)as/as if/as though引導的表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面，

　　如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)

　　在事實相反，用過去式;與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done).如：

　�、買t sounds as if someone was knocking at the door.聽上去好像有人在敲門。

　　②He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it

　　(2)當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句一般由that引導，這種用法常見于句型The reason why…is that…。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來得晚是因為起床晚了。

　　考點3 同位語從句

　　同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。

　　1.通常用連詞that引導同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：

　�、賂hey expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。

　�、贗 have no idea that she quit her present job.我不知道她辭掉了現(xiàn)在的工作。

　�、跥ive me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.答應我，你今天晚上會來參加我們的聚會。

　　2.同位語從句還可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引導。如：

　�、賂he student asked me the question whether the book Was worth reading.孩子問了我這個問題：這本書是否值得一讀。

　�、贗 have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道當時他激動的原因。

　　1. 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should+動詞原形”should可以省略.

　　My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.

　　考點4 名詞性從句需要注意的事項

　　1.that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略;在賓語從句中有時可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點：

　　(1)當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了來自同一個國家之外，他們幾乎沒有共同點。

　　(2)當主句謂語動詞后接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，可以省略先進個that，其他的不省略。如：

　　I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且情況也會得到改善。

　　2.that與what的區(qū)別。that在從句中不能夠充當句子成分，也沒有含義;what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，意思是”什么，……的事情”。如：

　�、賂he hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他會康復的希望沒有消失。(that不充當成分，也無含義)

　�、赪hat he said proved to be true.他所說的話證明是正確的。(what作said的賓語，可以翻譯為“……的話”)

　　3.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制;而同位語從句是對從句前面的抽象名詞作進一步的說明和解釋。如：

　　①The news that our team has won the game was true.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句，補充說明news到底是一個什么消息)

　�、赥he news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。(定語從句，news在從句中作told的賓語)

　　③I made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich.我許諾如果誰讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。

　　(同位語從句，補充說明promise的內(nèi)容)

　�、躎he mother made a promise that pleased all her children.媽媽許下了一個令她的孩子們高興的諾言。(定語從句，promise在從句中作pleased的主語)

 

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