2015初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(38)

⑦動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中用作表語(yǔ),限用于連系動(dòng)詞之后。如：My job is to keep the goal.(我的工作就是守住球門(mén))

⑧動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中用作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(媽媽叫我?guī)椭�她做�?/ I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你見(jiàn)見(jiàn)我的父母)/ The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常讓工人們一天工作14小時(shí))/ Now let me hear you play the violin.(現(xiàn)在讓我來(lái)聽(tīng)你拉小提琴)

 [注意]help之后做賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補(bǔ)用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),含義不同,需特別注意,(參見(jiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞部分)。試比較：

  I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路過(guò)時(shí)聽(tīng)到她正在哭)(指當(dāng)時(shí)瞬間的情況)

  I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近聽(tīng)她唱新歌)(指整個(gè)過(guò)程)

 (3)動(dòng)名詞

① 動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾“ing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞有動(dòng)詞的特征,可以跟賓語(yǔ),可以被狀語(yǔ)修飾；它也有名詞的特征,在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(包括介詞賓語(yǔ))等。動(dòng)名詞加相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等)構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。

② 動(dòng)名詞可以作主語(yǔ)。一般可用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.)

③ 動(dòng)名詞可以作賓語(yǔ)。

[A] want / need之后用動(dòng)名詞時(shí),含有被動(dòng)意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的車(chē)急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理發(fā)。)(頭發(fā)被理)

[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用動(dòng)名詞時(shí),與用不定式含義不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫(xiě)封信)(根本沒(méi)寫(xiě)) /I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫(xiě)過(guò)信)(寫(xiě)了卻忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他們停下來(lái)向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他們停止向后看)(不向后看了)

[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等詞一般用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把門(mén)關(guān)上你介意嗎？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她討厭坐飛機(jī)旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他們每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上轉(zhuǎn)悠)

[D]like / love / start / begin / learn后面用動(dòng)名詞時(shí),與用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我們?cè)谛�學(xué)時(shí)就開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)了)/ We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我們?cè)谛�學(xué)時(shí)就開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)了)